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Telecom Fraud Icon/// TELECOM · FRAUD

Telecom Fraud Detection

Real-time fraud detection and management for operators, ISPs, MVNOs and CPaaS providers — IRSF, Wangiri, SIM swap, SIM box and SMS pumping caught while the loss is still small.

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Telecom Fraud Detection Architecture
IRSFWangiriSIM swapSIM boxSMS pumping

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/// INTRODUCTION

Telecom fraud runs on a different clock from most business risk. International revenue share fraud can run up large losses in hours, usually overnight or at a weekend, and SIM swap fraud can empty a customer’s bank account before anyone notices their phone has stopped working.

Sodio builds telecom fraud detection for operators, ISPs, MVNOs and CPaaS providers that scores every call, message and account change as it happens, blocks what is clearly fraudulent, and puts the uncertain cases in front of an analyst within minutes.

Smartphone call screen risk monitoring

/// IS CUSTOM RIGHT FOR YOU?

When a Fraud Management Suite Is the Right Answer

Established telecom fraud management vendors serve many large operators, and if one fits your network and budget, use it. For regional operators, MVNOs and CPaaS providers, a system built around their own traffic and systems is often faster to deploy and cheaper to run.

A packaged suite fits when

  • You run a large, standard network the suite already supports
  • You have a fraud team large enough to run it
  • You need every fraud type covered from the start
  • Licence cost is justified by your traffic volume

A custom system fits when

  • Your stack mixes vendors, older systems and your own software
  • Fraud is handled by a small team with other jobs
  • You want to stop your biggest losses first, then extend
  • The licence would cost more than the fraud it stops

/// WHAT IT COVERS

What Telecom Fraud Detection Covers

Real-time event scoring

Real-time event scoring

IRSF and high-risk destinations

IRSF and high-risk destinations

Wangiri protection

Wangiri protection

SIM swap and port-out protection

SIM swap and port-out protection

SIM box detection

SIM box detection

Subscription fraud at sign-up

Subscription fraud at sign-up

PBX and enterprise protection

PBX and enterprise protection

SMS pumping protection

SMS pumping protection

Roaming fraud monitoring

Roaming fraud monitoring

Case management and actions

Case management and actions

/// FROM EVENT TO ACTION

From a Suspicious Call to a Blocked Loss — in Minutes

STAGE 1 - EVENT

A call, message or account change happens

Captured from the network, mediation or customer systems as it occurs

STAGE 2 - SCORE

Its risk is assessed

Rules and models score it against the customer’s normal behaviour

STAGE 3 - DECIDE

High-risk events are separated out

Clear-cut cases actioned automatically; uncertain ones queued for review

STAGE 4 - ACT

The loss is stopped

Destination barred, service limited or SIM suspended, as your rules allow

STAGE 5 - INVESTIGATE

An analyst reviews the case

Evidence gathered in one place; the customer contacted if needed

STAGE 6 - LEARN

The case is closed

The outcome fed back so rules and models improve

/// TYPES OF TELECOM FRAUD

Types of Telecom Fraud, and How Each Is Caught

Telecom fraud takes many forms, and each leaves a different trail in the network's data.

International revenue share fraud (IRSF)
How it worksCalls are generated to high-cost international numbers that pay the fraudster a share of the revenue, often from stolen SIMs or hacked phone systems
How it is caughtUnusual traffic to high-risk ranges, measured against the customer’s normal pattern
Wangiri
How it worksOne-ring missed calls from premium international numbers trick people into calling back at high cost
How it is caughtBursts of short calls from one source to many numbers, and callbacks to the same ranges
SIM swap
How it worksA fraudster persuades the operator to move a victim’s number to a new SIM, then intercepts their bank codes
How it is caughtRisk scoring of swap requests, stronger verification, and checks banks can query
SIM box
How it worksInternational calls are routed through SIMs in a gateway so they look local, avoiding the fees that should be paid
How it is caughtSIMs clustered in one place, making outgoing calls only, with no normal use
Subscription fraud
How it worksAn account is opened with a false or stolen identity to obtain devices or service with no intention of paying
How it is caughtIdentity checks at sign-up, and early usage that does not match a real customer
PBX hacking
How it worksA business phone system is compromised and used to generate fraudulent international calls
How it is caughtSudden traffic from an enterprise line outside its normal hours and destinations
SMS pumping
How it worksBots trigger large volumes of verification texts to premium numbers controlled by fraudsters
How it is caughtSpikes in messages to unusual number ranges from a single application
Roaming fraud
How it worksHigh usage on a roaming SIM runs up losses before the home network receives the records
How it is caughtNear real-time roaming data watched for unusual usage abroad

Industry surveys put global telecom fraud losses in the tens of billions of dollars a year.

Gradient

///RULES, MODELS AND RINGS

Rules, Models and Fraud Rings

Fraudsters adapt as soon as a pattern is blocked, so no single method is enough.

Known fraud patterns caught instantly by rules — limits per destination, time of day and customer type — that the fraud team can change themselves.

Machine learning that spots behaviour unlike anything seen before, and reduces false alarms by learning what each customer’s normal looks like.

Accounts, devices, addresses and payment details connected, so a fraud ring shows up as one pattern rather than many unrelated cases.

/// COMPARE

Manual Review, a Fraud Management System or Custom Detection

When fraud is found
Manual review of reportsThe next day, or on the bill
Telecom fraud management systemNear real time
Custom real-time detectionAs events arrive
New fraud types
Manual review of reportsFound after the losses
Telecom fraud management systemDepends on vendor updates
Custom real-time detectionModels and rules you control
False alarms
Manual review of reportsFew alerts, many misses
Telecom fraud management systemTuned to the vendor’s defaults
Custom real-time detectionTuned to your own customers
Fit with a mixed stack
Manual review of reportsGood, but slow
Telecom fraud management systemDepends on supported connectors
Custom real-time detectionDesigned for it
Cost model
Manual review of reportsStaff time
Telecom fraud management systemLicence and implementation
Custom real-time detectionBuild cost, then you own it
Best for
Manual review of reportsVery small operations
Telecom fraud management systemLarge operators with fraud teams
Custom real-time detectionRegional operators, MVNOs and CPaaS providers

/// COST AND TIMELINE

What Drives the Cost and Timeline

A pilot covering your costliest fraud type, tested against past traffic and known cases, typically runs within 30 days. Real-time detection across the main fraud types follows within 90.

30 daysPilot on your costliest fraud type
90 daysReal-time detection across the main fraud types

The cost moves with six things: the volume of events per second; whether detection must be real time or can run in batches; how many fraud types are covered; the systems it connects to, from switches and mediation to subscriber databases, porting and billing; how many actions are automated; and the case management your fraud team needs.

/// FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Telecom fraud is using a telecom network or service to make money dishonestly, or to avoid paying for service. It includes generating calls to premium numbers the fraudster profits from, disguising international calls as local ones, taking over a customer’s number to intercept their bank codes, and signing up with a false identity to walk away with a device.

By watching the network’s events — calls, messages, data sessions and account changes — as they happen, and scoring each one against what is normal for that customer, that destination and that time of day. Known fraud patterns are caught with rules; new patterns are found with models; and high-risk activity is blocked or queued for an analyst within minutes.

Much faster than most people expect. International revenue share fraud can run up large losses in a few hours, and it is often launched at night or over a weekend when nobody is watching. Detection that works from yesterday’s records has already paid out; it needs to act on events as they arrive.

At several points. Swap and port-out requests are scored for risk and require stronger verification before they proceed, and contact centre agents are warned when a request looks like social engineering. Operators can also let banks check whether a number has recently changed SIM before trusting a text message code, through SIM swap check services such as those developed under the GSMA’s Open Gateway initiative.

It should not, and false positives are measured as carefully as fraud caught. Actions are tiered — a warning, a temporary limit, a block — so the response matches the confidence. Uncertain cases go to an analyst, and trusted customers and destinations can be excluded from rules that would otherwise catch them.

No, though they work closely together. Fraud management stops people deliberately taking service without paying. Revenue assurance finds the revenue an operator loses through its own system errors and gaps. The two share data, and many investigations touch both.

/// GET STARTED

Start With Last Month’s Fraud

Share a month of traffic records and the fraud cases you already know about. We will assess, free, how much sooner each one could have been caught, and how much of the loss could have been stopped.

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